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Vogt Koyanagi Harada Syndrome: A Pandora's Box!

  • Yogya Reddy
  • Shruti Saokar
  • Faraaz Hussain
  • Abha Shah
  • Jesmin Alex

Asian Journal of Research and Reports in Ophthalmology, Page 27-35

Published: 8 December 2022

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Abstract


Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome is a rare systemic granulomatous autoimmune condition that affects melanocyte-rich organs including the eyes, inner ears, meninges, skin, and hair. It causes severe bilateral, chronic granulomatous panuveitis associated with serous retinal detachments and disc oedema. The etiology of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome is extremely variable. Here, we report 4 cases diagnosed with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, who presented with completely different backgrounds. The first case was a 34M who presented with a 3 months history of diminution of vision with headache and tinnitus. The second case was a 21F who presented with a 1-day history of sudden diminution of vision associated with a headache on day 2 after undergoing an emergency lower segment cesarean section. The third patient was a 30F who was a case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with type 4 lupus nephritis. She presented with a 2-day history of diminution of vision associated with headache and tinnitus. She had an active herpes zoster infection involving the trunk at the time of presentation. The fourth case was a 30F who presented to us 7 days post-vaccination with a 5-day history of sudden diminution of vision in both eyes.


All the patients had choroiditis with exudative retinal detachment confirmed on OCT suggestive of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. This case series throws light on variable etiology and multisystem involvement of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome and management criteria. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome is an important differential diagnosis in all patients presenting with the sudden blurring of vision with the headache.


Keywords:
  • Vogt koyanagi harada
  • headache
  • diminution of vision
  • retinal detachment
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How to Cite

Reddy, Y., Saokar, S., Hussain, F., Shah, A., & Alex, J. (2022). Vogt Koyanagi Harada Syndrome: A Pandora’s Box!. Asian Journal of Research and Reports in Ophthalmology, 5(3), 27-35. Retrieved from https://journalajrrop.com/index.php/AJRROP/article/view/64
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